Warning: mkdir() [
function.mkdir]: Permission denied in
/home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line
12
Warning: mkdir() [
function.mkdir]: No such file or directory in
/home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line
12
Warning: fopen(/home/templatecore2cache//*cluesnet.com/56/56e7ef41a04486c1d81860b6f7053e562a214c8b.tc2cache) [
function.fopen]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in
/home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line
130
Warning: fwrite(): supplied argument is not a valid stream resource in
/home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line
131
Warning: fclose(): supplied argument is not a valid stream resource in
/home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line
132
The
entente cordiale is a series of agreements signed on
8 April 1904 between the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and
French Third Republic. Beyond the immediate concerns of colonialism expansion addressed by the agreement, the signing of the Entente cordiale marked the end of centuries of intermittent conflict between the two nations, and the start of the
peaceful co-existence that has continued to the early years of the
21st century. The Entente cordiale, along with the
Anglo-Russian Entente and the
Franco-Russian Alliance, later became part of the Triple Entente among the UK, France, and
Russian Empire. It paved the way for the diplomatic and military cooperation that preceded
World War I.
History
stalking off with the harlot Marianne (in what is supposed to be a Flag of France dress; see tincture (heraldry)), turning his back on Germany. The tip of the scabbard of a cavalry
sabre protrudes from beneath Germany's army overcoat, implying a potential resort to force.The French term
Entente cordiale (usually translated as "cordial understanding") was first used in English in 1844 (according to the
Oxford English Dictionary) to denote recognition of common interests between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and French Third Republic. Now the term usually denotes the second Entente cordiale, that is to say the written and partly secret agreement signed in
London between the two countries on
8 April 1904.
The agreement had its roots in a British loss of confidence after the early humiliations experienced in the Second Boer War, and a growing fear that the country was isolated in the face of a potentially aggressive German Empire. As early as
March 1881, the French statesman
Léon Gambetta and the then Edward VII of the United Kingdom met at the Château de Breteuil to discuss an alliance against Germany. The Scramble for Africa prevented the countries from coming to terms. On the initiative of Colonial Secretary
Joseph Chamberlain, there were three rounds of British-German talks between
1898 and
1901. After becoming King in 1901,
Edward VII of the United Kingdom declined to access to the Triple Alliance (1882), broke off the negotiations with Berlin, and revived the idea of a British-French alliance.
When the
Russo-Japanese War was about to erupt, France and Britain found themselves on the point of being dragged into the conflict on the side of their respective allies. France was firmly allied with Russia, while Britain was allied with Russia's foe Japan. In order to avoid going to war, both powers "shucked off their ancient rivalry" and resolved Scramble for Africa, America, Asia and the Pacific. An agreement on colonial matters was negotiated between French foreign minister
Théophile Delcassé, and Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The resultant convention was signed by Lord Lansdowne and Pierre Paul Cambon, the French Ambassador, on
8 April 1904. The agreement did little to advance British interests, but it linked the country to the intricate web of Continental rivalries which it had managed to stay clear of hitherto.
Convinced that they had British support, the French became ever more belligerent in their attitude towards the Germans, fully demonstrated in the
Tangier Crisis and 1911. Concerned by possible encirclement, the Germans grew ever more alienated. An arrangement that had been intended to improve Britain's standing in the world merely added to the tensions within Europe, and became just another milestone on the road to the Great War.
The documents signed
The Entente was composed of three documents:
- The first and most important document was the Declaration respecting Egypt and Morocco. In return for the French promising not to “obstruct” British actions in Egypt, the British promised to allow the French to “preserve order … and provide assistance” in Morocco. Free passage through the Suez Canal was guaranteed, and the erection of fortifications on part of the Moroccan coast forbidden. The treaty contained a secret annex dealing with the possibility of “changed circumstances” in the administration of either of the two countries.
- The second document dealt with Newfoundland (island) and portions of West and Central Africa. The French gave up their rights (stemming from the Treaty of Utrecht) over the western coast of Newfoundland, although they retained the right to fish the coast. In return, the British gave the French the town of Yarbutenda (near the modern border between Senegal and The Gambia) and the Iles de Los (part of modern Guinea). An additional provision deals with the border between French and British possessions east of the River Niger (present-day Niger and Nigeria).
- The final declaration concerned Siam (Thailand), Madagascar and the New Hebrides (Vanuatu). In Siam, the British sphere of influence was limited to the basin of the River Menam (the Chao Phraya). The British withdrew their objection to the French introducing a tariff in Madagascar. Both parties agreed to come to an agreement which would “put an end to the difficulties arising from the lack of jurisdiction over the natives of the New Hebrides”.
Commemoration
The hundredth anniversary of the Entente cordiale in
2004 was marked by a number of official and unofficial events, including a
state visit to France by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and a return visit by President Jacques Chirac in November. British troops (the band of the Royal Marines, the
Household Cavalry, Grenadier Guards and
King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery) also led the Bastille Day parade in Paris for the first time, with the Red Arrows flying overhead.
The Entente is still honoured at both ends of
Channel Tunnel; in both London Waterloo station#Waterloo International and
Gare du Nord, the flags of the
Flag of the United Kingdom and of Flag of France are depicted connected with the words 'Entente cordiale' superimposed on posters.
See also
External links
- 100th Anniversary commemorative website.
- Entente cordiale
- First declaration of the entente cordiale including secret articles
Entente Cordiale Centenary
Welcome to Scotland 's online celebration of this year's Entente Cordiale centenary. As part of the wider festivities being organised by the French and UK governments, to ...
Entente Cordiale Centenary - HISTORY
With a legacy of political, military, economic and cultural amity stretching back over 700 years, to the original Auld Alliance treaty of 1295 ("the oldest alliance in the world ...
Entente Cordiale
Colloque franco-britannique. To coincide with the colloque franco-britannique events in Oxford and London (14-15 October 2004) the latest additions to the website illustrate two ...
Le Site Nul De L Entente Cordiale
Entente Cordiale
Entente cordiale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Entente cordiale is a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom and France. Beyond the immediate concerns of colonial expansion addressed by the ...
Jaguar World Monthly Magazine - Entente Cordiale
Now in its fourteenth year, this hugely poular annual Jaguar tour, organised by JWM, travels to the Brittany region of France in 2008 for 7 entertainment-filled days.
ENTENTE CORDIALE
Credits
Number10.gov.uk » Entente Cordiale to enter new era - PM
26 March 2008. Gordon Brown has spoken of a "shared agenda" with France ahead of meetings with President Sarkozy during his state visit to the UK.
ENTENTE CORDIALE
Our services meets your specific needs. We offer a wide variety of different services. You can see them by viewing our listing of services. You will be able to promote and market ...